Component
Copper
Refined copper for windings, inks, boards, and interconnects. USGS MCS net import reliance on refined copper is about 45% in a normal year (2025e spiked with stock-building).
Criticality
High
Unit cost
$9K
Quality
60 / 100
US saturation
53.3
Made in US
920,000 tonnes
Current demand
1,860,000 tonnes
US exports
72,000 tonnes
Opportunity score
54.4
Domestic vs international supply
Planned US investment, next 5 years
$2.5B
Expected extra output: 69,000 tonnes per year
Used by
- Absorption cooler
- Battery busbar
- Battery contactor
- BLDC motor
- Brass
- Capillary tube
- Charging case
- Chip packaging
- Circuit breaker
- CO2 laser source
- Copper alternator
- Diesel engine
- Distribution transformer
- Electrochemical sensor
- Electronic expansion valve
- Electronic-trip breaker
- Espresso boiler
- EV powertrain
- FDM hotend
- Ferrite speaker
- Fiber laser source
- Gas burner
- Gasoline engine
- Halogen capsule
- Haptic actuator
- Heat-exchange coil
- Hermetic compressor
- Home battery
- Hydraulic pump
- Induction coil
- Induction motor
- Lamp driver
- Laptop keyboard
- Laser imaging unit
- LED backlight
- LED imaging bar
- LED package
- LFP battery
- Load center
- Machine spindle
- Magnetron
- Microphone
- Monocrystalline cell
- Motor capacitor
- Neodymium speaker
- NMC battery
- Passenger car
- Piezo printhead
- Piezo speaker
- Piston air end
- Plasma nozzle
- Polycrystalline cell
- Power cable
- Power inverter
- Power supply
- Pressure switch
- Printed circuit board
- Printed touch layer
- Reversing valve
- RF antenna
- Rotary compressor
- Screw air end
- Scroll compressor
- Servo motor
- Small electric motor
- Solar junction box
- Solar module
- Solder
- Solid-state RF source
- Stepper motor
- Test switch
- Thermal printhead
- Thermostat
- Thermostatic expansion valve
- Trackpad
- Transmission
- Universal motor
- USB-C port
- Vehicle ECU
- Video I/O
- Water inlet valve
- Water level sensor
- Water pipe
- Weld inverter
- Weld transformer
- Welding wire
- Wi-Fi router
Product paths
- Air compressor map
- Air fryer map
- Band saw map
- Blender map
- CNC mill map
- CNC router map
- Ceiling fan map
- Clothes dryer map
- Clothes iron map
- Coffee maker map
- Commercial dryer map
- Commercial refrigerator map
- Commercial washer map
- Conveyor map
- Cooker hob map
- Copier map
- Dehumidifier map
- Desktop monitor map
- Dishwasher map
- Distribution transformer map
- Drill press map
- E-bike map
- EV wall charger map
- Electric kettle map
- Elevator map
- Embroidery machine map
- Espresso machine map
- FDM 3D printer map
- Fabric cutter map
- Faucet map
- Forklift map
- Fridge map
- Garage door opener map
- Garbage disposal map
- Gas furnace map
- Generator map
- Geyser map
- HVAC rooftop unit map
- Hair dryer map
- Heat pump map
- Home battery map
- Hydraulic press map
- Ice machine map
- Industrial pump map
- Industrial sewing machine map
- Inkjet printer map
- LED lamp map
- Label printer map
- Laptop map
- Laser cutter map
- Laser printer map
- Lawn mower map
- Load center map
- MIG welder map
- Manual lathe map
- Manual mill map
- Microwave map
- Oven map
- POS terminal map
- Pallet jack map
- Passenger car map
- Plasma cutter map
- Pool pump map
- Power drill map
- Quadcopter drone map
- Quadruped map
- Range hood map
- Robot vacuum map
- Room air conditioner map
- Serger map
- Sewing machine map
- Smartphone map
- Smoke alarm map
- Solar module map
- Surface grinder map
- TIG welder map
- Tablet map
- Television map
- Toaster map
- Toilet map
- Vacuum cleaner map
- Washing machine map
- Water pipe map
- Wi-Fi router map
- Wireless earbuds map