Rooftop or ground-mount panel that turns sunlight into DC electricity.
US assembly is 30% of supply
(70% imported).
Cell: Monocrystalline cellSolar glass: Solar glassEVA encapsulant: EVA encapsulantSolar backsheet: Solar backsheetSolar junction box: Solar junction boxFrame: Aluminum shellCopper: Copper
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Cheapest
Completeness
Best
Solar module
High · Import 70%
$120 · Q80
59 Monocrystalline cell
High · Import 75%
$40 · Q85
64 Cell 1/2 − Polysilicon
High · Import 56%
$12K · Q70
57 + Silver
High · Import 86%
$750K · Q50
67 + Copper
High · Import 45%
$9K · Q60
54 + Aluminum
Medium · Import 60%
$2.4K · Q70
56 + Solar glass
High · Import 75%
$700 · Q70
78 − Silica sand
Low · Import 10%
$40 · Q50
9 Soda ash
Low · Import 0%
$200 · Q50
3 Limestone
Low · Import 0%
$12 · Q50
3 EVA encapsulant
Medium · Import 73%
$2.2K · Q55
70 − Natural gas
Low · Import 0%
$2.5M · Q50
3 Crude oil
Medium · Import 31%
$70M · Q50
26 Solar backsheet
Medium · Import 75%
$4 · Q68
74 − Polyethylene
Low · Import 0%
$1.1K · Q50
25 + Solar junction box
Medium · Import 80%
$6 · Q65
69 − Polycarbonate
Medium · Import 45%
$2.8K · Q60
54 + Copper
High · Import 45%
$9K · Q60
54 + Aluminum shell
Medium · Import 45%
$22 · Q70
35 Frame 1/2 − Aluminum
Medium · Import 60%
$2.4K · Q70
56 + Copper
High · Import 45%
$9K · Q60
54 − Copper ore
Medium · Import 28%
$2.2K · Q50
25 Finished product
· Highi
Solar module
A laminated photovoltaic module: silicon cells, glass, encapsulant, and a frame.
US saturationi
30.0
US 30%
Import 70%
Export 2.4%
Supply
Made in USi
15,000,000 units
Demandi
50,000,000 units
US importsi
35,000,000 units
US exportsi
1,200,000 units
Next 5 yearsi
$8B
to add 8,000,000 units/yr
Unit costi
$120
Qualityi
80 / 100
Open product
58.7 · Open gap